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Jawaharlal Nehru cytaty
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Jawaharlal Nehru , , zwany także Pandit Nehru – indyjski polityk, przywódca socjalistycznego skrzydła Indyjskiego Kongresu Narodowego w okresie walki o niepodległość przeciwko dominacji brytyjskiej. 15 sierpnia 1947 został pierwszym premierem Indii, piastując tę funkcję aż do śmierci. Ojciec Indiry Gandhi i dziadek Rajiva Gandhiego .

W 1929 roku po przeprowadzeniu przez Indyjski Kongres Narodowy kampanii na rzecz samostanowienia Indii został przewodniczącym partii. Po wystąpieniu w 1942 roku z deklaracją niepodległości Indii wraz ze swoimi współpracownikami został aresztowany. Po wyjściu z więzienia brał udział w negocjacjach, których owocem było powstanie dwóch niezależnych państw – Indii i Pakistanu. Polityka Nehru po objęciu stanowiska premiera opierała się na interwencjonizmie gospodarczym i uczestnictwie w ruchu niezaangażowania w okresie zimnej wojny. Jako przywódca Indii wprowadzał w życie zasady niezaangażowania, świeckości, utworzył w kraju wielopartyjną demokrację i ustanowił system republikański. W okresie jego rządów Indie stały się regionalnym hegemonem w rejonie Azji Południowej. Obok Josipa Broz Tity, Sukarno i Gamala Abdel Nasera czołowa postać Ruchu Państw Niezaangażowanych. Pod przewodnictwem Nehru, Kongres wygrał wybory w 1951, 1957 i 1962 roku. Początkowo szukał możliwości sojuszu z Chinami, polityka ta była jednak stopniowo rewidowana na rzecz lepszych stosunków z Zachodem, a pod koniec jego rządów miejsce miała wojna chińsko-indyjska.

Po jego śmierci, jego politykę kontynuowała córka Indira Gandhi. Wikipedia  

✵ 14. Listopad 1889 – 27. Maj 1964
Jawaharlal Nehru Fotografia
Jawaharlal Nehru: 121 cytatów0 Polubień

Jawaharlal Nehru słynne cytaty

„Życie przypomina grę w karty – rozdanie zależy wprawdzie od losu, ale sposób, w jaki prowadzisz rozgrywkę, to już sprawa twojej wolnej woli.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

„Nie jestem pewny, czy szczęście jest stanem bardzo zadowalającym.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

Źródło: Nic, co ludzkie... Aforyzmy, sentencje i przysłowia, oprac. Henryk Jurand, LSW, 1982, s. 57.

„Nie wiem, czym jest niewiadome.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

Źródło: Ija Lazari-Pawłowska, Nehru, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1991, s. 160.

„Teraźniejszość i przyszłość siłą rzeczy wyrastają z przeszłości i noszą jej znamiona.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

„Powinniśmy zbudować kwitnące demokratyczne i postępowe państwo, powołać instytucje społeczno-gospodarcze i polityczne, które zapewniłyby sprawiedliwość i godne życie każdemu mężczyźnie i każdej kobiecie.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

podczas ceremonii proklamowania niepodległości przez Indie (15 sierpnia 1947).
Źródło: B. Wizimirska, Drogi kariery. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto i jego partnerzy: Indira Gandhi i Mujibur Rahman, Warszawa, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1983, s. 117.

Jawaharlal Nehru cytaty

„Demokracja jest dobra, bo inne systemy są gorsze.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

„Prorok trzyma się dobra niezależnie od konsekwencji, i często dlatego właśnie, że trzyma się dobra, pada ofiarą ukamienowania, rozstrzelania lub ginie w jakiś inny sposób.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

wypowiedziane w 1949.
Źródło: Ija Lazari-Pawłowska, Nehru, op. cit., s. 9.

„Polityk musi być, niestety, do pewnego stopnia oportunistą w tym sensie, że musi uznać swą zależność od faktycznego stanu rzeczy i od możliwości, jakimi dysponuje.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

w 1949.
Źródło: Ija Lazari-Pawłowska, Nehru, op. cit., s. 8.

„Zarówno ślepe uwielbianie przeszłości, jak i pogarda dla niej są złem i ani na tym, ani na tamtym nie można oprzeć przyszłości.”

Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru: Cytaty po angielsku

“Action to be effective must be directed to clearly conceived ends. Life is not all logic, and those ends will have to be varied from time to time to fit in with it, but some end must always be clearly envisaged.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Autobiography (1936; 1949; 1958)

“Theoretical approaches have their place and are, I suppose, essential but a theory must be tempered with reality.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru's Speeches 1949 - 1953 (1954), p. 235

“Every little thing counts in a crisis and we want our weight felt and our voice heard in quarters which are for the avoidance of world conflict.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru's Speeches 1949 - 1953 (1954), p. 144

“America is a country no one should go to for the first time.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

As quoted in The Traveling Curmudgeon: Irreverent Notes, Quotes, and Anecdotes on Dismal Destinations, Excess Baggage, The Full Upright Position, and Other Reasons Not To Go There (2003) by Jon Winokur, p. 5

“They fought because they were paid for it; they were not interested very much in the conquest of Greece. The Athenians on the other hand, fought for their freedom. They preferred to die rather than lose their freedom, and those who are prepared to die for any cause are seldom defeated.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

On the defeat of the forces of Darius the Great of Persia at the Battle of Marathon, in Glimpses of World History; Being Further Letters to His Daughter, Written In Prison, And Containing A Rambling Account of History For Young People (1942); also in Nehru on World History (1960} edited by Saul K. Padover, p. 14

“A great disaster is a symbol to us to remember all the big things of life and forget the small things of which we have thought too much. In his death he has reminded us of the big things of life, the living truth, and if we remember that, then it will be well with India.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

The Light Has Gone Out (1948)

“Friends and Comrades, the light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere. I do not know what to tell you and how to say it. Our beloved leader, Bapu as we called him, the Father of the Nation, is no more.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

The Light Has Gone Out (1948)

“Where freedom is menaced or justice threatened or where aggression takes place, we cannot be and shall not be neutral.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Speech to the US Congress (13 October 1949)

“We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We believe also that if any government deprives a people of these rights and oppresses them the people have a further right to alter it or abolish it. The British government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. We believe therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or complete independence.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Nehru wrote this resolution of Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence), which was adopted in the Congress session at Lahore on 26 January 1930; this was later celebrated as Independence Day until August 1947, and after 26 January 1950 as Republic Day; as quoted in India http://books.google.com/books?id=nHnOERqf-MQC&pg=PA204 (1999) by Stanley A. Wolpert

“We talk about a secular state in India. It is perhaps not very easy even to find a good word in Hindi for "secular". Some people think it means something opposed to religion. That obviously is not correct. What it means is that it is state which honours all faiths equally and gives them equal opportunities; that, as a state, it does not allow itself to be attached to one faith or religion, which then becomes the state religion.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Statement of 1961, as quoted in Locked Minds, Modern Myths (1997) by T. N. Madan <!-- Oxford University Press, Delhi -->

“The Bhagavad Gita deals essentially with the spiritual foundation of human existence. It is a call of action to meet the obligations and duties of life; yet keeping in view the spiritual nature and grander purpose of the universe.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

As quoted in A Tribute to Hinduism : Thoughts and Wisdom Spanning Continents and Time about India and Her Culture (2008) by Sushama Londhe, p. 191

“Great causes and little men go ill together.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

The Indian Annual Register Vol.1 (January-June 1939)

“India is industrially more developed than many less fortunate countries and is reckoned as the seventh or eighth among the world's industrial nations. But this arithmetical distinction cannot conceal the poverty of the great majority of our people. To remove this poverty by greater production, more equitable distribution, better education and better health, is the paramount need and the most pressing task before us and we are determined to accomplish this task. We realize that self-help is the first condition of success for a nation, no less than for an individual. We are conscious that ours must be the primary effort and we shall seek succour from none to escape from any part of our own responsibility. But though our economic potential is great, its conversion into finished wealth will need much mechanical and technological aid. We shall, therefore, gladly welcome such aid and co-operation on terms that are of mutual benefit. We believe that this may well help in the solution of the larger problems that confront the world. But we do not seek any material advantage in exchange for any part of our hard-won freedom.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Speech to the US Congress (13 October 1949)

“Without peace, all other dreams vanish and are reduced to ashes.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Address to the United Nations (28 August 1954); as quoted in The Macmillan Dictionary of Political Quotations (1993) by Lewis D. Eigen and Jonathan Paul Siegel, p. 698

“I am English by education, Muslim by culture and Hindu merely by accident.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

While this is often attributed to Nehru, it was actually something said by the Hindu Mahasabha leader, N. B. Khare. <br class="br">Khare states, &quot;Nehru’s is a very complex personality. As he himself has explained in his Autobiography, he is English by education, Muslim by culture and Hindu by an accident of birth.&quot; <br class="br">&quot;The Angry Aristocrat&quot;, N. B. Khare in A Study of Nehru, Rafiq Zakaria (ed.), 1960. <br class="br">No such passage exists in Nehru&#x27;s autobiography. https://www.altnews.in/did-jawaharlal-nehru-ever-say-i-am-english-by-education-muslim-by-culture-and-hindu-by-accident/ <br class="br">Misattributed

“Marx may be wrong in some of his statements, or his theory of value; this I am not competent to judge. But he seems to me to have possessed quite an extraordinary degree of insight into social phenomena, and this insight was apparently due to the scientific method he adopted. This method, applied to past history as well as current events, helps us in understanding them far more than any other method of apporach, and it is because of this that the most revealing and keen analysis of the changes that are taking place in the world today come from Marxist writers. It is easy to point out that Marx ignored or underrated certain subsequent tendencies, like the rise of a revolutionary element in the middle class, which is so notable today. But the whole value of Marxism seems to me to lie in its absence of dogmatism, in its stress on a certain outlook and mode of approach, and in its attitude to action. That outlook helps us in understanding the social phenomena of our own times, and points out the way of action and escape.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Autobiography (1936; 1949; 1958)

“As this conviction grew upon me, I was filled with a new excitement and my depression at the non-success of civil disobedience grew much less. Was not the world marching rapidly towards the desired consummation? There were grave dangers of wars and catastrophes, but at any rate we were moving. There was no stagnation. Our national struggle became a stage in the longer journey, and it was as well that repression and suffering were tempering our people for future struggles and forcing them to consider the new ideas that were stirring the world. We would be the stronger and the more disciplined and hardened by the elimination of the weaker elements. Time was in our favour.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Autobiography (1936; 1949; 1958)

“It is difficult to be patient with many communists; they have developed a peculiar method of irritating others. But they are a sorely tried people, and, outside the Soviet Union, they have to contend against enormous difficulties. I have always admitted their great courage and capacity for sacrifice. They suffer greatly, as unhappily untold millions suffer in various ways, but not blindly before a malign and all-powerful fate. They suffer as human beings, and there is a tragic nobility about such suffering.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Autobiography (1936; 1949; 1958)

“Violence was common in both places, but the violence of the capitalist order seemed inherent in it; whilst the violence of Russia, bad though it was, aimed at a new order based on peace and cooperation and real freedom for the masses. With all her blunders, Soviet Russia had triumphed over enormous difficulties and taken great strides towards this new order. While the rest of the world was in the grip of the depression and going backward in some ways, in the Soviet country a great new world was being built up before our eyes. Russia, following the great Lenin, looked into the future and thought only of what was to be, while other countries lay numbed under the dead hand of the past and spent their energy in preserving the useless relics of a bygone age. In particular, I was impressed by the reports of the great progress made by the backward regions of Central Asia under the Soviet regime. In the balance, therefore, I was all in favour of Russia, and the presence and example of the Soviets was a bright and heartening phenomenon in a dark and dismal world.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Autobiography (1936; 1949; 1958)

“I had long been drawn to socialism and communism, and Russia had appealed to me. Much in Soviet Russia I dislike - the ruthless suppression of all contrary opinion, the wholesale regimentation, the unnecessary violence (as I thought) in carrying out various policies. But there was no lack of violence and suppression in the capitalist world, and I realised more and more bow the very basis and foundation of our acquisitive society and property was violence. Without violence it could not continue for many days. A measure of political liberty meant little indeed when the fear of starvation was always compelling the vast majority of people everywhere to submit to the will of the few, to the greater glory and advantage of the latter.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Autobiography (1936; 1949; 1958)

“My thoughts travelled more to other countries, and I watched and studied, as far as I could in goal, the world situation in the grip of the great depression. I lead as many books as I could find on the subject, and the more I read the more fascinated I grew. India with her problems and struggles became just a part of this mighty world drama, of the great struggle of political and economic forces that was going on everywhere, nationally and internationally. In that struggle my own sympathies went increasingly towards the communist side.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Autobiography (1936; 1949; 1958)

“My intention was to trace, as far as I could, my own mental development and not write a survey of recent Indian history.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Autobiography (1936; 1949; 1958)

“But to understand the great drama of the Russian Revolution and the inner forces that shaped and brought the great change about, a study of cold theory is of little use. The October Revolution was undoubtedly one of the great events of world history, the greatest since the first French Revolution, and its story is more absorbing, from the human and the dramatic point of view, than any We or phantasy.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Soviet Russia: Some Random Sketches and Impressions (1949)

“As we were very much pressed for time we were unable to see as much of the jail as we wanted to. We had an impression that we had been shown the brighter side of jail life. Nonetheless, two facts stood out. One was that we had actually seen desirable and radical improvements over the old system prevailing even now in most countries and the second and even more important fact was the mentality of the prison officials, and presumably the higher officials of the government also, in regard to jails. Actual conditions may or may not be good but the general principles laid down for jails are certainly far in advance of anything we had known elsewhere in practice. Anyone with a knowledge of prisons in India and of the barbarous way in which handcuffs, fetters and other punishments are used will appreciate the difference. The governor of the prison in Moscow who took us round was all the time laying stress on the human side of jail life, and how it was their endeavour to keep this in the front and not to make the prisoner feel in any way dehumanised or outcasted. I wish we in India would remember this wholesome principle and practise it in our daily lives even outside jail…. It can be said without a shadow of doubt that to be in a Russian prison is far more preferable than to be a worker in an Indian factory, whose lot is 10 to 11 hours work a day and then to live in a crowded and dark and airless tenement, hardly fit for an animal. The mere fact that there are some prisons like the ones we saw is in itself something for the Soviet Government to be proud of.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Soviet Russia: Some Random Sketches and Impressions (1949)

“Nothing is perhaps more confusing to the student of Russia than the conflicting reports that come of the treatment of prisoners and of the criminal law. We are told of the Red Terror and ghastly and horrible details are provided for our consumption; we are also told that the Russian prison is an ideal residence where anyone can live in comfort and ease and with a minimum of restraint. Our own visit to the chief prison in Moscow created a most favourable impression on our minds.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Soviet Russia: Some Random Sketches and Impressions (1949)

“It is difficult for most of us to think of our ideals and our theories in terms of reality. We have talked and written of Swaraj for years, but when Swaraj comes it will probably take us by surprise. We have passed the independence resolution at the Congress, and yet how many of us realise its full implications? How many belie it by their words and actions? For them it is something to be considered as a distant goal, not as a thing of today or tomorrow. They talk of Swaraj and independence in their councils but their minds are full of reservations and their acts are feeble and halting.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Soviet Russia: Some Random Sketches and Impressions (1949)

“Russia thus interests us because it may help us to find some solution for the great problems which face the world today. It interests us specially because conditions there have not been, and are not even now, very dissimilar to conditions in India. Both are vast agricultural countries with only the beginnings of industrialisation, and both have to face poverty and illiteracy. If Russia finds a satisfactory solution for these, our work in India is made easier.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Soviet Russia: Some Random Sketches and Impressions (1949)

“For us in India the fascination is even greater, and even. our self-interest compels us to understand the vast forces which have upset the old order of things and brought a new world into existence, where values have changed utterly and old standards have given place to new. We are a conservative people, not ever-fond of change, always trying to forget our present misery and degradation in vague fancies of our glorious past and immortal civilisation. But the past is dead and gone and our immortal civilisation does not help us greatly in solving the problems of today.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Soviet Russia: Some Random Sketches and Impressions (1949)

“But there was one little drawback, one not unimportant fact seems to have been overlooked. Palestine was not a wilderness, or an empty, uninhabited place. It was already somebody else’s home. So that this generous gesture of the British Government was really at the expense of the people who already lived in Palestine, and these people, including Arabs, non- Arabs, Muslims, Christians, and, in fact, everybody who was not a Jew, protested vigorously at the declaration…… The Jewish population is already nearly a quarter of the Muslim population, and their economic power is far greater. They seem to look forward to the day when they will be the dominant community in Palestine. The Arabs tried to gain their co-operation in the struggle for national freedom and democratic government, but they rejected these advances. They have preferred to take sides with the foreign ruling Power, and have thus helped it to keep back freedom from the majority of the people. It is not surprising that this majority, comprising the Arabs, chiefly, and also the Christians, bitterly resent this attitude of the Jews.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru książka Glimpses of World History

Glimpses of World History (1949)

“The Soviet Union in Europe and Asia stands today a continuing challenge to the tottering capitalism of the western world. While trade depression and slump and unemployment and repeated crises paralyse capitalism, and the old order gasps for breath, the Soviet Union is a land full of hope and energy and enthusiasm, feverishly building away and establishing the socialist order. And this abounding youth and life, and the success the Soviet Union has already achieved, are impressing and attracting thinking people all over the world.”

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Jawaharlal Nehru książka Glimpses of World History

Glimpses of World History (1949)

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