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Richard Wesley Hamming – matematyk amerykański, którego prace wywarły istotny wpływ na nauki komputerowe i telekomunikację.

Stopień bakałarza zdobył w 1937 r. w University of Chicago, stopień magistra w 1939 r. w University of Nebraska, w 1942 r. doktorat w University of Illinois w Urbana-Champaign. Był profesorem w University of Louisville, skąd odszedł do pracy nad Projektem Manhattan , gdzie pracował nad metodami programowania kalkulatorów elektronicznych do rozwiązywania układów równań sformułowanych przez fizyków pracujących przy projekcie. Wynikiem badań było m.in. stwierdzenie, że wskutek wybuchu bomby atomowej nie istnieje ryzyko zapalenia atmosfery, co dało zielone światło do przeprowadzenia testów, a potem zrzucenia bomb na japońskie miasta.

W latach 1946–1976 pracował w Bell Telephone Laboratories, gdzie współpracował z Claude'em Shannonem. 23 lipca 1976 przeszedł do Naval Postgraduate School, gdzie pracował aż do emerytury, w 1997 r.

Był też twórcą i prezesem Association for Computing Machinery. W 1968 otrzymał Nagrodę Turinga. Był członkiem IEEE, która nadaje doroczny medal Hamminga za wybitny wkład w dziedzinie nauk komputerowych i techniki. Wikipedia  

✵ 11. Luty 1915 – 7. Styczeń 1998
Richard Hamming: 90 cytatów0 Polubień

Richard Hamming: Cytaty po angielsku

“Perhaps thinking should be measured not by what you do but by how you do it.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“Somewhere in the mid-to-late 1950s in an address to the President and V. Ps of Bell Laboratories I said, "At present we are doing 1 out of 10 experiments on the computers and 9 in the labs, but before I leave it will be 9 out of 10 on the machines". They did not believe me… by now we do somewhere between 90% to 99% on the machines… And this trend will go on!”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“If the prior distribution, at which I am frankly guessing, has little or no effect on the result, then why bother; and if it has a large effect, then since I do not know what I am doing how would I dare act on the conclusions drawn?”

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Richard Hamming

Źródło: The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers (1991), p. 298

“Probability is too important to be left to the experts. […] The experts, by their very expert training and practice, often miss the obvious and distort reality seriously. […] The desire of the experts to publish and gain credit in the eyes of their peers has distorted the development of probability theory from the needs of the average user. The comparatively late rise of the theory of probability shows how hard it is to grasp, and the many paradoxes show clearly that we, as humans, lack a well grounded intuition in the matter. Neither the intuition of the man in the street, nor the sophisticated results of the experts provides a safe basis for important actions in the world we live in.”

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Richard Hamming

Źródło: The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers (1991), p. 4 [emphasis in original]

“Calculus is the mathematics of change. …Change is characteristic of the world.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“Much of present science rests on engineering tools, and as time goes on, engineering seems to involve more and more of the science part. …the two fields are growing together! …and now there is not enough time to allow us the leisure which comes from separating the two fields.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“A central problem in teaching mathematics is to communicate a reasonable sense of taste—meaning often when to, or not to, generalize, abstract, or extend something you have just done.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“If you expect to continue learning all your life, you will be teaching yourself much of the time. You must learn to learn, especially the difficult topic of mathematics.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“It is probable that the future will be more limited by the slow evolution of the human animal and the corresponding human laws, social institutions, and organizations than it will be by the rapid evolution of technology.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“Typing is no substitute for thinking.”

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Richard Hamming

cited in: John G. Kemeny, ‎Thomas E. Kurtz, Structured BASIC programming (1987) p. 118

“The only generally agreed upon definition of mathematics is "Mathematics is what mathematicians do." […]
In the face of this difficulty [of defining "computer science"] many people, including myself at times, feel that we should ignore the discussion and get on with doing it. But as George Forsythe points out so well in a recent article*, it does matter what people in Washington D. C. think computer science is. According to him, they tend to feel that it is a part of applied mathematics and therefore turn to the mathematicians for advice in the granting of funds. And it is not greatly different elsewhere; in both industry and the universities you can often still see traces of where computing first started, whether in electrical engineering, physics, mathematics, or even business. Evidently the picture which people have of a subject can significantly affect its subsequent development. Therefore, although we cannot hope to settle the question definitively, we need frequently to examine and to air our views on what our subject is and should become.”

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Richard Hamming

Hamming cites Forsythe, G.E., "What to do until the computer scientist comes", Am. Math. Monthly 75 (5), May 1968, p. 454-461.
One Man's View of Computer Science (1969)

“Probability and statistics are now so obviously necessary tools for understanding many diverse things that we must not ignore them even for the average student.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“Theorems… record more complex patterns of thinking that once shown to be valid need not be repeated every time they are needed.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“Science and mathematics… have added little to our understanding of such things as Truth, Beauty, and Justice. There may be definite limits to the applicability of the scientific method.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“You ought to try to make significant contributions to humanity rather than just get along through life comfortably… the life of trying to achieve excellence in some area is in itself a worthy goal… A life without a struggle on your part to make yourself excellent is hardly a life worth living. …a life without such a goal… is merely existing…”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“Unforeseen technological inventions can completely upset the most careful predictions.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“The methods of mathematics are the main topic of the course, not a long list of finished mathematical results with such highly polished proofs that the poor student can only marvel at the results, with no hope of understanding how mathematics is actually created by practicing mathematicians.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“An idea which arises in the field, based on the direct experience of the people doing the job, cannot get going in a centrally controlled system… The not invented here (NIH) syndrome is one of the major curses of our society…”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“The standard process of organizing knowledge into departments, and subderpartments, and further breaking it up into separate courses, tends to conceal the homogeneity of knowledge, and at the same time to omit much which falls between the courses.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“Understanding the methods of calculus is vital to the creative use of mathematics… Without this mastery the average scientist or engineer, or any other user of mathematics, will be perpetually stunted in development, and will at best be able to follow only what the textbooks say; with mastery, new things can be done, even in old, well-established fields.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“This is the type of AI I am interested in—what can the human and machine do together, and not in the competition which can arise. …There are doubts as to what fraction of the population can compete with computers, even with nice interactive prompting menus.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“Statistics should be taught early so that the concepts are absorbed by the student's flexible, adaptable mind before it is too late.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“The calculus is probably the most useful single branch of mathematics. …I have found the ability to do simple calculus, easily and reliably, was the most valuable part of mathematics I ever learned.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“All of engineering involves some creativity to cover the parts not known, and almost all of science includes some practical engineering to translate the abstractions into practice.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“We constantly use the word "simplify", but its meaning depends on what you are going to do next, and there is no uniform definition.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“The past is… much more uncertain—or even falsely reported—than is usually recognized.”

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Richard Hamming

Preface
The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“Probability is the mathematics of uncertainty. …many modern theories have uncertainty built into their foundations. Thus learning to think in terms of probability is essential.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

“Without real experience in using the computer to get useful results the computer science major is apt to know all about the marvelous tool except how to use it. Such a person is a mere technician, skilled in manipulating the tool but with little sense of how and when to use it for its basic purposes.”

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Richard Hamming

One Man's View of Computer Science (1969)

“In forming your plan for your future you need to distinguish three different questions: What is possible? What is likely to happen? What is desirable to have happen? In a sense the first is Science… The second is Engineering.. The third is ethics, morals, or… value judgements. …you will probably have an idea of how to alter things to make the more desirable future occur …having a vision is what tends to separate the leaders from the followers.”

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Richard Hamming

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn (1991)

“There is no agreed upon definition of mathematics, but there is widespread agreement that the essence of mathematics is extension, generalization, and abstraction… [which] often bring increased confidence in the results of a specific application, as well as new viewpoints.”

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Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)

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